Magazine Státní zastupitelství 2/2014

​Mgr. Vítězslav Němčák, legislativní odbor Ministerstva spravedlnosti České republiky, email: vitezslav.nemcak@gmail.com

This article deals with selected issues relating to legislation governing judicial experts and its possible future development. Expert and translator Act from 1967 was not substantially amended until 2011, but the legislation still remains outdated. Last government prepared the bill on judicial experts, but due to political consequences this draft law was not finally voted. The author of this text analyses the aim of the legislation on experts, organisation of state administration of experts, exercise of expert’s duties by moral persons and conditions for nominating an expert.

​plk. Mgr. Radka Šimková, vedoucí metodicko-organizačního oddělení, Kriminalistický ústav Praha Policie České republiky,email: kup5@pcr.cz

The autor drala with foundation of forensic expert service within the Police of the Czech Republic. The artikle describes beginnings of the Institute of Criminalistics Prague, Sections of Technical and Forensic Examinations of Regional Police Directorates and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Service. Itinforms about the ICP research and development activities and highl ights of the rich international cooperation. The autor addresses the system of education and training of forensic experts. Finally, it mentionsl egislative issues, focusing particularly on newly prepared classification of expert branches.

Mgr. Bc. Jan Zimmer, soudní znalec z oboru písmoznalectví, člen Rady Společnosti pro písmoznalectví, r.s., email: mmer@volny.cz
Ing. Miroslav Bílek, soudní znalec z oboru kriminalistika, znalec Odboru kriminalistické techniky a expertíz Krajského ředitelství policie Jihomoravského kraje, člen Rady Společnosti  pro písmoznalectví, r.s., email: miro.bilek@seznam.cz
JUDr. Jaroslava Samková, soudní znalkyně z oborů kriminalistika a písmoznalectví, znalkyně Odboru kriminalistické techniky a expertíz, email: ja.sa@raz-dva.cz

The authors summarize discussion of a new concept conclusion with a comment that from an expert point of view there are unresolved dissues of such concept remaining. The paper also briefly describes current practices when working with standards and approach of experts when determining their authenticity ,i.e. whether it is actual handwriting of a person who is the subject of interest. In conclusion the topic is extended to an ongoing overseas discussion about reliability of forensic handwriting examination

JUDr. Michaela Štefunková, PhD., výzkumný pracovník, Institut pro kriminologii a sociální prevenci, Praha, email: mstefunkova@iksp.justice.cz

The following article aims to outline various options that are used in selected European countries for faster and easier processing of criminal cases in accordance with the provision of the right to a fair trial. The overview reflects the diversity of criminal procedural approaches within Europe and is focused on nine selected European countries.

JUDr. Jan Řeháček, státní zástupce, Okresní státní zastupitelství v Ústí nad Labem, jrehacek@osz.unl.justice.cz

The paper deals with limited possibilities of criminal prosecution of alimony dodgers staying abroad. It points to practical problems arising from dealing with this crime, especially to difficulties in proving the subjective aspects of this crime. In the conclusion, the paper outlines possibilities offered by the Czech law to effectively solve the problem of alimony dodgers while pointing to the civil dimension of the crime and the principle of subsidiarity of penal repression.

Mgr. Kateřina Štrejtová, státní zástupkyně, Obvodní státní zastupitelství pro Prahu 5, kstrejtova@osz.pha5.justice.cz

The contribution deals with the relationship of crimes endangering the child‘s upbringing and obstructing justice in the case where a public authority proceeded to issue a decision regarding the education of minors. Notes the impact of such decisions on the scope of parental rights and responsibilities and possible criminal proceedings.

JUDr. Bystrík Šramel, PhD., odborný asistent, Fakulta sociálnych vied, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, email: bystrik.sramel@gmail.com

The author of this article deals with the public prosecution system in the Federal Republic of Germany. He examines the  historical background of the origin of public prosecution and points  to the present state of public prosecution. Subsequently he analyzes the federal public prosecution system and the public prosecution system in individual states, ,their  organization and position,  and their role in the German criminal procedure.

Dr. Miroslav Grossmann, tlumočník jazyka ruského, email: mir.grossmann@volny.cz

Work with foreigners has become part and parcel of the activity of Czech public prosecutors. The Russian speaking community, for whom Russian is either their mother tongue or a communica-tion language, is the largest entity. They represent a diverse community as regards nationality, religion, and the general cultural background, but in many aspects, Russian is a unifying factor for all of them. The Russian criminal slang- fenya – is a full-fledged lingua franca for Russian criminal structures.  They also share common non-verbal communication, be it a set of gestures, or a criminal-style of tattooing.   Modern forms of communication, such as sms mesages and chat dialogues used by fenya and the Russian youth slang have lately become heavily interlinked.